¿Qué es SSL?

Significado de SSL

SSL son las siglas en inglés de Secure Socket Layer (en españolcapa de conexión segura). Es un protocolo criptográfico (un conjunto de reglas a seguir relacionadas a seguridad, aplicando criptografía) empleado para realizar conexiones seguras entre un cliente (como lo es un navegador de Internet) y un servidor (como lo son las computadoras con páginas web).

Este protocolo ha sido sucedido por TLS, que son las siglas en inglés de Transport Layer Security (en español seguridad de la capa de transporte). Versiones de TLS tienen un equivalente en SSL, por ejemplo TLS 1.2 corresponde a SSL 3.3; de ahí que aún sea común que se refiera a este protocolo como SSL.

Cómo funciona una conexión con SSL, en pocas palabras

De forma básica, una conexión usando el protocolo SSL funciona de la siguiente forma:

• El cliente y el servidor entran en un proceso de negociación, conocido como handshake (apretón de manos). Este proceso sirve para que se establezca varios parámetros para realizar la conexión de forma segura.
• Una vez terminada la negociación, la conexión segura es establecida.
• Usando llaves preestablecidas, se codifica y descodifica todo lo que sea enviado hasta que la conexión se cierre.

Certificado SSL

Un certificado SSL es un certificado digital de seguridad que se utiliza por el protocolo SSL. Este certificado es otorgado por una agencia independiente debidamente autorizada y es enviado por el servidor de la página web segura. El navegador de internet recibe e interpreta el contenido de dicho certificado y, al verificar su autenticidad, indica que se está realizando una conexión segura; cada navegador de internet tiene diferentes formas de indicarlo, por ejemplo un candado cerrado.

Fuente: http://aprenderinternet.about.com/od/ConceptosBasico/a/Que-Es-Ssl.htm

SSL/TLS con Delphi e INDY

 am using the indy components to implement emails in a delphi application. I am specifically using the TidSMTP component. I need to effectively support all major email servers. I use Mozilla Thunderbird as my email client and am comparing the smtp properties with those in the TidSMTP component. I have attempted to find documentation that describes the relationship between the TidSMTP properties, but have not been able to figure it out.
Can someone explain how these compare and what they do:

• In Thunderbird:Connection Security: (None, STARTTLS, SSL/TLS).
• In TidSMTP.UseTLS (utNoTLSSupport, utUseImplicitTLS, utUseRequireTLS, utUseExplicitTLS)
• In Thunderbird:Authentication method: (No Authentication, Normal Password, Encrypted Password, Kerberos/GSSAPI, NTLM)
• In TidSMTP (username, password, with useAuthentication method)

I also see other TidSMTP properties: UseEhlo, UseVerp, UseNagle. Do I need to be using these? What do they do?


When using STARTTLS, the server's listening port is initially unencrypted upon connecting. When a client connects, it can send an optional STARTTLS command to the server, if the server supports it, to dynamically perform the SSL/TLS handshake at that time. This allows legacy non-SSL/TLS clients to continue connecting to that same port, while allowing newer SSL/TLS-enabled clients to use SSL/TLS if available on the server. This corresponds to UseTLS=utUseExplicitTLS in Indy. You need to set UseEHLO to True in order to use UseTLS=utUseExplicitTLS, as the EHLO command is how TIdSMTP discovers whether the server supports the STARTTLS command or not.
When using SSL/TLS instead of STARTTLS, the server's listening port is always using encryption and the client must initiate the SSL/TLS handshake immediately upon connecting before any other data can be exchanged. This corresponds to UseTLS=utUseImplicitTLS in Indy. There is no STARTTLS command used.
For authentication, TIdSMTP has two options - the old (and unsecure) AUTH LOGIN command that is defined by the original SMTP spec, and SMTP extensions for SASL-based hashing/encryption algorithms (Kerberos, GSSAPI, NTLM, etc are implemented as SASL algorithms).
To use SASL, set TIdSMTP.AuthType to satSASL and then fill in the TIdSMTP.SASLMechanisms collection to point at separate TIdSASL-derived components for the algorithms you want to support in your app. Indy has native SASL components for DIGEST-MD5, CRAM-MD5, CRAM-SHA1, NTLM (experimental), ANONYMOUS, EXTERNAL, OTP, PLAIN, SKEY, and LOGIN (SASL wrapper for AUTH LOGIN). If you need another algorithm (Kerberos or GSSAPI, for instance), you will have to write your own TIdSASL-derived component. For algorithms that use Username/Password, the values must be assigned to a separate TIdUserPassProvider component that is then assigned to the SASL components (the TIdSMTP.UserName and TIdSMTP.Password properties are not used with SASL). The more SASL algorithms you support, the wider the number of servers you will be able to support.
For servers that still support AUTH LOGIN, it can be used either by setting TIdSMTP.AuthType to satDefault (and optionally setting TIdSMTP.ValidateAuthLoginCapability to False if the server supports AUTH LOGIN but does not report it in response to the EHLO command) and then filling in the TIdSMTP.UserName and TIdSMTP.Password properties, or by including the TIdSASLLogin component in the TIdSMTP.SASLMechanisms collection.
UseVerp and UseNagle have nothing to do with security. VERP is an SMTP extension for detecting bouncing emails due to undeliverable errors. Nagle is a networking algorithm for optimizing network data packets.

Fuente: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10503833/what-do-the-smtp-indy-component-security-and-authentication-properties-do